Based on the news Marcopolo (th 1292) and Ibn Battuta (the 13th century). In the year 1267 had established the first Islamic kingdom in Indonesia, namely the kingdom of Samudra Pasai. This is also evidenced by the tombstone tomb of Sultan Malik Al Saleh (th 1297) the first King Samudra Pasai.
Sultanate of Samudera Pasai, also known as the ocean, Pasai, or ocean Darussalam, Islamic kingdom which is located on the coast of northern Sumatra, more or less around the city of Lhokseumawe, North Aceh now. Samudra Pasai kingdom stand around the 13th century by Nazimuddin Al Kamil, an Egyptian sea admiral. In the Year 1283 can Pasai conquered, then lifted Angry King Pasai Silu be first with the title of Sultan Malik Al Saleh (1285-1297). Tri Nahrasyiah tomb of Ibn Battuta, the famous Muslim traveler from Morocco, noting it very memorable for him while visiting a kingdom on the east coast of Sumatra around 1345 AD. After sailing for 25 days from Barhnakar (now entered the territory of Myanmar), Battuta landed in a place that is very fertile. Trafficking in the area is very advanced, characterized by the use of gold currency. She is even more amazed because when it comes down to the city he found a very beautiful big city surrounded by walls and a wooden tower.
Trade in the coastal city is the capital of the kingdom of Samudera Pasai. Samudera Pasai (or Pase if the following designations local community) not only recorded as the kingdom highly influential in the development of Islam in the archipelago. In the reign of Sultan Malikul dhahir, Pasai Ocean developed into an international trading center. Port enlivened by traders from Asia, Africa, China, and Europe.
Samudera Pasai heyday in the area Geudong Ocean, North Aceh, beginning with the unification of a number of small kingdoms in the area Peurelak, such as Jungle Jreum and Seumerlang. Malikussaleh Sultan is a descendant of the kingdom that conquered several small kingdoms and establish the kingdom of the ocean in 1270 Masehi. Makam Abdullah ibn Muhammad ibn Abdul Kadir.
He is married with Algae Sari, a daughter of the Islamic empire Peureulak. From the wedding, born two sons named Malikul dhahir and Malikul Mansour. Having both grown up, Malikussaleh hand over the throne to his eldest son Malikul dhahir. He founded a new kingdom called Pasai. When Malikussaleh died, Malikul dhahir combine two kingdoms into Pasai Ocean.
In the story of his trip to Pasai, Ibn Battuta describe Malikul dhahir Sultan as king very pious, generous, humble, and have attention to the poor. Although he has conquered many kingdoms, Malikul dhahir never be arrogant. Humility was shown the king greeted the entourage of Ibn Battuta. Guests are welcome to sit in on a stretch fabric, while he sat on the bare ground without anything.
With his personal mirror so humble king who ruled Pasai Ocean in the period 1297-1326 AD, on his tombstone carved out a poem in Arabic, which means that this is the tomb of the noble Malikul dhahir, light rays world religions.
Noted, during the 13th century until the early 16th century, Pasai Ocean is known as one of the cities in the Strait of Malacca with a very busy port city. Along with Pidie, Pasai become an international trade center with pepper as one of the main export commodities.
When it is expected to export pepper Pasai around 8.000- 10.000 hull every year, in addition to other commodities such as silk, camphor, and gold brought from the countryside. Not only the import-export trade developed. As the trade developed city, Ocean Pasai issued currency as a means of payment. One of them made of gold known as the dirham.
Trade relations with the merchants of the island of Java also intertwined. Production of rice from Java exchanged with pepper. Merchants Java a special position in the port of Pasai Ocean. They are exempted from payment of excise duty.
Trading
Apart from being a trading center, Pasai also became the center of the development of Islam in the archipelago. Most Islamic preachers who came to Java and other regions derived from Pasai.
The close influence of the kingdom of Pasai Ocean with the development of Islam in Java is also evident from the history and background of the Wali Songo. Sunan Kalidjaga Maulana children marry Isaac, Sultan Pasai. Sunan Gunung Jati alias persistent Fatahillah against Portuguese colonialism was born and raised in Pasai. Admiral Zheng He noted also once visited Pasai.
Site Islamic kingdom Pasai Ocean this was very famous in the 1980s, before the conflict in Aceh heats up and dampen the pilgrims. According to Jacob, the caretaker of the tomb of Sultan Malikussaleh, the big names of the sultan also invited the curiosity of the pilgrims from Malaysia, India, to Pakistan. "Countries that used to establish trade relations with Pasai," said Jacob.
Pasai such a long history can still be traced to a number of sites and the royal tombs of the founders
descendants in the tombs of the kings. The tomb was a witness only because other relics such as the palace is not there. Tomb of Sultan Malikussaleh and granddaughter, Queen Nahrisyah, are two sites that are categorized as complex preserved. Zahir Malikal tomb.
According to Snouck, a direct relationship with the new Indonesian Arabic 17th century took place in the kingdom of Samudra Pasai, Banten, Demak and New Mataram.
Samudra Pasai before becoming an Islamic empire is a port city that is in the power of Majapahit, which at that time was in decline. Once ruled by Islamic princes, the merchants of Tuban, Palembang, Malacca, India, China and others came to trade in Pasai Ocean. According to Ibn Battuta: Ocean Pasai is the most important port and the Palace of the King has composed and arranged beautifully on the pattern of Indonesian culture and Islam.
Samudera Pasai public life is colored by religion and Islamic culture. His government is theocracy (based on the teachings of Islam) large sebagiab people embraced Islam. Raja raja Pasai foster friendship with Campa, India, China, Majapahit and Malacca. In 1297 Malik Al saleh died, and was succeeded by his son Sultan Muhammad (years 1297-1326)
better known by the name of Malik Al Tahir, his successor Sultan Ahmad (years 1326-1348), as well as use the name of Malik Al Tahir, his successor Zainal Abidin.
Raja Zainal Abidin in 1511 was forced to flee and leave his throne refuge in Majapahit, because you still king of Majapahit. This means King Samudra Pasai kinship with the King of Majapahit terbina very good, according to Chinese news mentioned the mid-15th century, Samudra Pasai still sent emissaries to China as a sign persahabatan.makamHisana bin Naina Naina.
Fatahilah, leading scholars Pasai married the sister of Sultan Trenggono (king Demak / sister Patih Unus / son Raden Patah). Fatahilah won Sunda Kelapa (June 22, 1522) was renamed Jayakarta, also Cirebon and Banten.
