Judging from ancient Indonesian history, the kingdom of Kutai is the oldest kingdom in Indonesia. This is evidenced by the discovery of 7 inscriptions written above yupa (stone monument) written in Sanskrit using Pallawa. Based paleografinya, the inscription dating from the 5th century AD.
From the inscription it is known the existence of a kingdom under the leadership of the King Mulawarman, son of King Aswawarman, grandson of Maharaja Kudungga. Kingdom ruled by this Mulawarman named royal Kutai Martadipura, located opposite the city of Muara Kaman.
At the beginning of the 13th century, stood a new kingdom in Stone Edge or Kutai Lama called the Kingdom of the aquatic mammal with the first king, Aji Batara Sakti Dewa Agung (1300-1325).
With the two kingdoms in the Mahakam River is certainly cause friction between the two.In the 16th century there was a war between the two kingdoms of this Kutai. Kutai kingdom under king Aji Prince Sinum Flag chances, finally conquered the kingdom of Kutai Martadipura. He then called his kingdom into a kingdom of Kutai Ing Martadipura.
In the 17th century, Islam was well received by the Kingdom of the aquatic mammal.Furthermore, many of the names Islami who eventually used on the names of the king and the royal family aquatic mammal. Designation king was replaced with the title of Sultan. Sultan who first uses the name of Islam is Sultan Aji Muhammad Idris (1735 to 1778).
In 1732, the imperial capital moved from Kutai Kutai Lama Pemarangan.
Sultan Aji Muhammad Idris, who is the daughter of Sultan Wajo Lamaddukelleng departed to Wajo, South Sulawesi to join fight against VOC along Bugis people. Government of the Sultanate of Kutai temporarily held by the Trusteeship Council.
In 1739, Sultan AM Idris fall on the battlefield. After the death of Sultan Idris, there was a struggle for the throne by Aji Gift. Aji Imbut royal crown prince who was still little then rushed to Wajo. Gift Aji then inaugurate his name as Sultan Kutai by using the title of Sultan Aji Muhammad Aliyeddin.
As an adult, Aji Imbut as the rightful heir of the Sultanate of Kutai Kutai back to the ground. By the Bugis and courtiers loyal to the late Sultan Idris, Aji Imbut be crowned with the title of Sultan Kutai Sultan Aji Muhammad Muslihuddin. Muslihuddin Sultan coronation was held in Mangkujenang (Samarinda Seberang). Since it began the fight against Aji Gift.
Resistance takes place with finesse strict embargo by Mangkujenang against Pemarangan. Sulu pirate fleet involved in this resistance by attacking and hijacking Pemarangan. In 1778, Aji Gift asking for help VOCs but can not be met.
In 1780, Aji Imbut managed to retake the capital Pemarangan and was officially installed as sultan with the title of Sultan Aji Muhammad Muslihuddin in the palace of the Sultanate of Kutai. Aji Gift executed and buried on the island Jembayan.
Imbut title Aji Aji Sultan Muhammad Muslihuddin move the capital of the Sultanate of Kutai to Tepian Pandan on September 28, 1782. The move is performed to eliminate the influence of the bitter memories of the reign of Aji Gifts and Pemarangan deemed to have lost magic power. Pandan Edge name was later changed to White Ladder, which means the King's House, in the long run White Ladder more popularly known as Tenggarong and persisted until now.
In 1838, the Sultanate of Kutai led by Sultan Aji Muhammad Salehuddin after Aji Imbut died in that year.
In 1844, two pieces of merchant ships chairman James Erskine Murray British Tenggarong into surface waters. Murray came to Kutai to trade and asking for land to set up a trading post as well as the exclusive right to run steamers in Mahakam waters. But Sultan AM Salehuddin allow Murray to trade only in the region of Samarinda only. Murray less satisfied with the Sultan's offer. After a few days in the waters Tenggarong, Murray fired cannon towards the palace and returned by the royal troops Kutai. The battle can not be avoided. Fleet leader Murray finally defeated and fled towards the open sea. Five people were injured and three people died of the fleet Murray, and Murray himself was among the dead.
Tenggarong incident in the battle is up to the British. England actually want retaliation against Kutai, but the matter by the Netherlands that Kutai is one part of the Dutch East Indies and the Netherlands will solve the problem in his own way. Then the Dutch fleet under the command sends t'Hooft complete with carrying weapons. Upon arrival in Tenggarong, t'Hooft fleet attacked the palace of Sultan Kutai. Sultan AM Salehuddin evacuated to Kota Bangun. Kutai kingdom warlords, Awang Long title of Prince Senopati with his troops bravely fought against t'Hooft fleet to defend the honor of the kingdom of Kutai. Awang Long died in battle were less balanced the Sultanate of Kutai and eventually defeated and subdued the Netherlands.
On October 11, 1844, Sultan AM Salehuddin must sign an agreement with the Netherlands stating that Sultan acknowledge and adhere to the Dutch East Indies Dutch East Indies government in Kalimantan, which is represented by a resident who is domiciled in Banjarmasin.
In 1846, H. von Dewall become the first Dutch civil administrator on the east coast of Borneo.
In 1850, Sultan AM Sulaiman leadership role Kutai Kartanegara Martadipura Ing.
In 1853, the Dutch government put J. Zwager as Assistant Resident in Samarinda. The current political and economic power is still in the grip of AM Sulaiman Sultan (1850-1899).
In 1863, aquatic mammal kingdom back an agreement with the Netherlands. In the agreement it was agreed that the aquatic mammal kingdom became part of the Dutch East Indies government.
In 1888, the first coal mining in Kutai opened in Batu Panggal by a Dutch mining engineer, JH Menten. Menten also laid the groundwork for the first oil exploitation in the region of Kutai. Prosperity Kutai region also seem more real to make the Sultanate of Kutai became very famous at that time. Pengeksloitasian royalties on natural resources in Kutai given to Sultan Sulaiman.
In 1899, Sultan Sulaiman son died and was replaced with a crown Aji Mohammad Sultan Aji Muhammad Alimuddin.
In 1907, the first Catholic mission established in Laham. A year later, the upstream area of the Mahakam was handed over to the Netherlands with a compensation of 12 990 guilders per year to the Sultan of Kutai.
Alimuddin Sultan reigns only over a period of 11 years, he died in 1910. Since that time the crown prince Aji Shocked still immature, the reins of government of the Sultanate of Kutai then held by the Trusteeship Council, led by Aji Prince Mangkunegoro.
On November 14, 1920, Aji Shocked be crowned with the title of Sultan Kutai Sultan Aji Muhammad Parikshit.
Since the beginning of the 20th century, Kutai economy growing very rapidly as a result of the establishment of enterprise-Sumatra Borneo Trade Co. In those years, the capital obtained Kutai grown steadily through the surplus generated each year. Until 1924, Kutai already has a fund of 3.28 million guilders - the amount of which is fantastic for the future.
In 1936, Sultan AM Parikshit erect magnificent new palace and solid made of concrete.Within one year, the palace was completed.
When the Japanese occupied the Kutai region in 1942, Sultan Kutai should be subject to Tenno Heika, the Emperor of Japan. Japan gave Sultan Koo honorary degree by the royal name Kooti.
Indonesia gained independence in 1945. Two years later, the Sultanate of Kutai with the Autonomous Region status into the Federation of East Kalimantan together areas such as Bulungan Sultanate, Sambaliung, Powder Mountain and Sand by forming the Council of the Sultanate. Then on December 27, 1949 included in the Republic of Indonesia States.
Autonomous Region Kutai Kutai converted into Special Region which is an autonomous region / county special district level by the Emergency Law 3 Th.1953.
In 1959, based on Law No. 27 of 1959 on "Formation of Regions Level II in Borneo", the Special Region of Kutai split into 3 Regional Level II, namely:
1. Regional Level II Kutai with capital Tenggarong
2. Municipal capital Balikpapan Balikpapan
3. Municipal Samarinda with capital Samarinda
On January 20, 1960, held at the governorate in Samarinda, APT Pranoto who served as governor of East Kalimantan, with the name of the Minister of the Interior of the Republic of Indonesia inaugurated and take the oath 3 regional head for the three autonomous regions, namely:
1. AR Padmo as regent of Kutai Level II Regional Head
2. Capt. Soedjono as Mayor of the Municipality of Samarinda
3. AR Sayid Mohammad as Mayor of the Municipality Balikpapan
A day later, on January 21, 1960 held at the Hall of the palace of Sultan Kutai, Special Session of Parliament held Tenggarong Special Region Kutai. The essence of this event is the handover of the administration of the Head Chief of the Special Region of Kutai, Sultan Aji Muhammad Parikshit to Aji Raden Padmo as regent of Kutai Level II Regional Head, Captain Soedjono (Mayor of Samarinda) and AR Syed Mohammad (Mayor of Balikpapan). Kutai Sultanate government under Sultan Aji Muhammad Parikshit ended, and he was living becomes a commoner.
In 1999, Kutai Regent Drs. H. Syaukani HR, MM intends to revive the Sultanate of Kutai ing Martadipura. Kutai refunding is not with the intent to revive feudalism in the region, but as an effort to preserve the historical and cultural heritage of the Kingdom of Kutai as the oldest kingdoms in Indonesia. In addition, the revival of the tradition of the Sultanate of Kutai is to support the tourism sector in East Kalimantan in an effort to attract domestic and foreign tourists.
On 7 November 2000, the Regent of Kutai Kutai together with Crown Prince Aji H. Praboe Anoem Soerja Adiningrat facing President Abdurrahman Wahid in Bina Graha Jakarta to convey meaning above. President Wahid agreed and approved the return of the descendants of the Sultanate of Kutai Kutai the crown prince Sultan Aji H. Prince Praboe.
On 22 September 2001, the Crown Prince of the Sultanate of Kutai, H. Aji Prince Praboe Anoem Soerya Adiningrat crowned with the title of Sultan Kutai Sultan Aji Muhammad H. Salehuddin II. HAP Praboe coronation as the new Sultan of Kutai held on 22 September 2001
